Epilepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Emergency Care

What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes repeated seizures. Seizures happen when brain activity changes suddenly. Because of this, people may lose awareness or have unusual movements. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy affects about 50 million people worldwide. Although anyone can develop epilepsy, it often starts in childhood or after age 60. Early diagnosis and care help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Common Symptoms of Epilepsy

Epilepsy symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people with epilepsy experience seizures. Not all seizures look the same. For example, some are mild and hard to notice, while others are more severe. Here are common signs to watch for:

Sudden jerking or twitching of arms and legs

Staring spells or brief loss of awareness

Confusion or trouble speaking after a seizure

Unusual sensations, such as tingling or strange smells

Loss of consciousness or fainting

Repetitive movements, like lip-smacking or blinking

Sometimes, people may feel tired or confused after a seizure. Because symptoms can be subtle, it is important to note any unusual changes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Epilepsy has many possible causes. In some cases, doctors cannot find a clear reason. Still, several factors can increase the risk of developing epilepsy. These include:

Family history of epilepsy

Head injuries or trauma

Brain infections, such as meningitis

Stroke or problems with blood flow to the brain

Brain tumors or growths

Problems during birth, like lack of oxygen

Additionally, certain genetic conditions may raise the risk. While anyone can get epilepsy, some people are more likely to develop it due to these factors.

How Epilepsy is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose epilepsy. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may order tests to check brain activity. Common tests include:

Electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure brain waves

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look for brain changes

Blood tests to rule out other causes

Because some conditions can mimic seizures, doctors use these tests to confirm the diagnosis. If you wonder, “how is epilepsy diagnosed?” these steps are key. Early diagnosis helps start the right treatment sooner.

Emergency Care for Epileptic Seizures

Knowing how to give emergency care for seizures can save lives. If someone has a seizure, stay calm and follow these steps:

Move the person to a safe place, away from sharp objects

Gently turn them onto their side to help breathing

Place something soft under their head

Do not put anything in their mouth

Do not try to hold them down

Time the seizure; call for help if it lasts over 5 minutes

Stay with the person until they are fully alert

Sometimes, seizures need urgent medical care. For example, call emergency services if the person is injured, has trouble breathing, or does not wake up after the seizure.

Living with Epilepsy: Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Many people with epilepsy live full, active lives. However, managing epilepsy symptoms takes planning. Here are some helpful tips:

Take medicines exactly as prescribed

Keep a seizure diary to track patterns

Get enough sleep and manage stress

Avoid triggers, such as flashing lights or skipping meals

Wear a medical alert bracelet

Let friends and family know what to do during a seizure

Additionally, regular check-ups help adjust treatment as needed. With support, living with epilepsy becomes easier.

Prevention and When to Seek Help

While not all cases of epilepsy can be prevented, some steps may lower risk. For example, wearing helmets during sports can prevent head injuries. Treating infections quickly also helps. If you notice any epilepsy symptoms, see a doctor right away at Freedom Hospitals. Early care can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

If you or someone you know experiences seizures, consult a healthcare specialist at Freedom Hospitals for personalized advice and emergency care.